I recently bought a small set of Lego blocks so I could start working with my boys, especially Dante, on learning colors and hopefully, eventually, counting.
Over the last two days I started out sitting on the floor where all the boys could see me with a big pile of mixed blocks in front of me. I randomly took a block from the pile, held it up and said what color it was, then put it into a separate pile with only that color of block. After two days of this, I heard Dante start saying "green," "black," "white" on his own so he was clearly learning the terms.
Today I started what was essentially a variation of target training. I put the boys, one at a time, on the floor with me, then put two blocks in front of them. One of the blocks was always yellow. I gave the cue "get the yellow one" and when they touched the yellow block, I clicked and rewarded. Sometimes the reward was a safflower seed, but often it was just letting the bird play with the block. If they picked up a block of the wrong color, I retrieved it from them and let them try again.
Maxwell, who doesn't seem to enjoy trick training much anyway, was pretty much non-plussed with the whole process and after two successes, refused to play any longer.
Dante did very well when working with just two colors of blocks. He clearly understood that the yellow one was the target, and more often that not went for that block, no matter what color the other block was. We started having trouble when I added a third block to the mix. He seemed to be "ooh! that one's new! me want!" and kept going for the new color rather than the yellow block. And he was none too pleased when Daddy tried to retrieve the new block he was so interested in playing with.
Surprisingly, Nikko did the best of the three. He had been watching me work with Dante, and immediately understood that the reward was given for targeting on the yellow block. I eventually had him choosing from six blocks of different colors, and he was choosing the right one about 3/4 of the time.
Once I get them reliably choosing the yellow block, I'll switch to a new target color. I hope to get them to target on whichever color block I tell them. I'm encouraged by the results so far. I'll keep you posted!