by Wolf » Sat Jan 09, 2016 10:34 pm
FirstParrot1, I was hoping that I would be hearing from you about now with another update on your bird as well as perhaps a question or so about how the remedy the hormonal state of your Grey. I figured and hoped that you would have done some research and would now know enough about the causes and the effects of this state on your parrot that you might want some input into what to do about it.
I may be jumping the gun so to speak and not giving you enough time for the research, but I am willing to risk that. Here is a simplified version of what occurs with your bird and then the solution for the problem.
Birds, including parrots, are photoperiodic, which simply means that some aspects of their lives and bodily functions are affected by light and their reproductive cycle is one of these. Although light is the first and main factor involved in starting and stopping this cycle, their diet is also involved, mainly because of the amount of protein in it. So your parrot has receptors in their brain that allow it to measure the length of the light and darkness in a day as well as an internal biological clock that science tell us is accurate to within about 15 minutes. As the length of the daylight changes through the seasons it reaches a point where these receptors and their internal clock signal their endocrine system to begin production of sexual hormones and begin the breeding cycle, This also coincides with the increase of available protein in their diet. This is important as the proteins are what the hormones are made from. Then with the flood of sex hormones the birds gonads begin to grow and swell up with blood. In a bird about the size of your Grey they begin about the size of a pea and the can grow to about 100 times this size. Then as the breeding season winds to an end, the protein available in their diet also decreases and the production of these sex hormones decreases and the gonads begin to shrink back down to their normal dormant size. And all is well and right in the parrots world.
In captivity this what is supposed to happen, just as it does with the wild free birds in their natural habitat, but we, humans, interfere with this process first because we expect this to all work with the bird living a human lifestyle under artificial lighting, which it does not, because of the artificial lights which interfere with the normal patterns of light, which in turn throw the internal clock off and the bird can no longer measure the proper length of the day/ night in a given day. We also mess it up because we can't feed the bird properly and have a tendency to include too much protein in their diet and in the captive bird we make it even worse because the bird is no longer flying long distances to forage for food and water resulting in the fact that the hormones do not dissipate from the bloodstream as rapidly as they should.
The bird goes into the breeding cycle and the gonads grow as they should but when the breeding season is over the interference of the artificial lights stop the bird from getting the signal to stop making sex hormones and with the now abundant levels of protein in their diet all year long the bird continues to make these hormones and with no flying to speak of the level of hormones keeps increasing because they no longer dissipate as they should and this leads to an overly hormonal and a more aggressive bird. Their is one last problem caused by this and that is that even after reaching their normally maximum size, their gonads keep growing and growing, putting more and more pressure on the gonads and all of the surrounding tissues and organs, such as air sacs, liver, lung, heart, kidneys and so on. Their is only so much space inside of the birds body and soon the pain caused from the internal pressures of the gonads themselves is joined by the additional pressures of pressing against the other organs resulting in even more pain from both internal and external pressures. and this pain keeps increasing as long as the gonads keep growing. Eventually the bird will not allow itself to be touched due to the pain and then they begin plucking their feathers out and chewing holes in their body in an attempt to reduce the level of pain.
This is what happens and why it happens and the cure for it is shown to us by why it happens so we need to change how we are feeding the bird so as to lower the protein levels in their diet, in a Grey, this is 19 to 14% protein. We need to provide for and encourage our bird to fly more as it is the only form of exercise that a bird can do that is effective at reducing the level of hormones in the blood. And then the most difficult part of all is to reestablish a normal lighting schedule for the bird, This normal light schedule requires that they be uncovered, if they are covered at night, while it is still dark outside so that they can be exposed to the twilight period of dawn as it changes from dark to the actual sunrise, without the interference of any artificial lighting and then they need to have all artificial lights shut of in the late afternoon so that they can again be exposed without interference the twilight period we call dusk as the sunlight fades into full dark with the setting of the sun at which time they will naturally go to sleep. These two twilight periods working together are like the start/ stop switch on a stopwatch and enable the birds body to measure the length of the day/ night cycle of the day and also serve to reset the internal clock to keep it in sync with the proper season of the year.