Parrot Exercise

[MilesBird]

From my research it seems that the best form of exercise for a bird is flying. However as the bird i have is currently flightless(he came that way from the pet store) i was wondering what the best form of exercise would be. During play time i have him jump between perches and run up and down perches and every once in a while he flaps his wings, but i was wondering which of these is best or if a balanced combination of the above is what he needs until he can fly again.

[Michael]

Hanging play gyms (if the bird isn't too scared... most clipped birds are cause they can't afford to fall off) offer good leg exercise because the bird has to be balancing all the time. Also targeting the bird around a complex tree/playgym to get it climbing around. Doesn't come remotely close to flying though.

[Pajarita]

I have three pinioned birds and exercise them by holding on to their toes and bringing my hand suddenly and very quickly down after raising it as high as I can (it makes the birds flap their wings).